The modern methods of irrigation under surface irrigation are furrow, basin and border. Pro Subscription, JEE The continuous sprinkling of water improves the physical conditions and composition of the soil. Modern Irrigation Methods: (v) Sprinkler Irrigation Method: In present times, when water crisis is developing very fast everywhere, we should adopt improved techniques of irrigation to encourage suitable water management. The methods of irrigation can be divided into four main types. Surface Irrigation: In this method water flows and spreads over the surface of the land. Irrigation also adds to the wealth of the country in two ways. The water in these shallow channels are supplied through a variety of ways such as siphon, main ditch, gated pipe etc. (c) (i) Name two states where perennial canals are widely used. However, modern irrigation techniques are largely impacting the environment. Many homes in Ontario prefer this method of irrigation based on those two reasons alone. Irrigation has been around for as long as humans have been cultivating plants. Two different methods of irrigation are- modern methods that include sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation; traditional irrigation that includes manual irrigation where water is pulled out by the farmers … Uncategorised / By / No Comments / 1 Viewers; Irrigation is the artificial process of pouring water all over the soil by various processes Sprinkler irrigation is required in areas where a change in temperature of earth, environment, and humidity is seen. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin! Net irrigation requirements 57 5.3.1. It is useful in areas where crop population per unit is high. Answer: Differences: Answer: Its main features were: Use of tube wells for irrigation. It saves a lot of water, which can be utilized for irrigating more area. The vertical wheel is attached with many ports at its edges which lift water from the well and drop it into a channel leading towards the field. Now that you are aware of what are the methods of irrigation, you should also know about the importance of irrigation. on the other hand, water is made to flow through ditches running through the ground with a drainage system at the end. It is suitable for watering all types of soil except heavy clay. You’ll learn all the above mentioned irrigation methods in details here. The water supply to the crops grown at a regular interval is known as irrigation. What are the modern methods of irrigation? Furthermore, no water is wasted in this method. 2. There are several modern method of irrigation some of them are : ● Sprinkler irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is sprayed, or sprinkled through the air in rain like drops. Inflow rate, soil infiltration, slope and shape of furrows and surface roughness    determine the speed of the water. Ancient people must have been strong from having to haul buckets full of water to pour on their first plants. Hence, flow of water under surface irrigation comes under unsteady flow. The irrigation system includes small diameter pipes with emitter or drippers that lie close to grounds, thereby providing water to the roots.  Rains are no longer the controlling force. The farmer must determine the exact amount of water required by the crop. ESTIMATING IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS 57 5.1. This irrigation system is farther classified into three other types of modern methods of irrigation. Some crops which require this type of irrigation are vegetables, cash crops, plantation, spices etc. Crop water requirements versus irrigation requirements 57 5.2. Numerous subclasses exist within each of these basic methods. Irrigation is the artificial process of applying controlled amounts of water to land to assist in production of crops. These canals are found in W.B., Bihar, Orissa, etc. The mainlines and sub mainlines transport the water from pumps to fields where it is sprayed on the plants via the sprinkles. 3)Dhekli. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. These include – Surface irrigation, sprinkler, drip and subsurface. It covers near about 42% of total irrigated land. There are two methods of irrigation, namely, traditional and modern. Water from the tube-wells is allowed to pass through these pipelines under pressure, which escapes from the rotating nozzles and gets sprinkled on the crops. to explain its importance as a source of irrigation. To explore more Modern Methods of Irrigation, please download BYJU’s Learning App. As a result it … Problem of waterlogging is not present in this system. However, in basin irrigation, water is supplied to a field which may result in ponding for a while. It reduces the use of water in agriculture. The water in these shallow channels are supplied through a variety of ways such as siphon, main ditch, gated pipe etc. Main & Advanced Repeaters, Vedantu The following are the two methods of irrigation: Sprinkler method- it is a method in which the water sprinkles on the crops as if it is raining. Low flow systems refer to micro spray, drip emitters, or drip lines.High flow systems are fixed spray, rotor, impact, bubbler, and soaker hose.Drip irrigation is preferable for most parts of the garden except lawns. 3. 23 Dec primitive methods of irrigation . Canal irrigation is playing a vital role in Indian agriculture. State any two features of modem farming method. That is why irrigation is done before tilling. (b) Give two main reasons why water scarcity occurs in India. Read this article to learn about the important methods of irrigation, i.e., (1) Surface Irrigation (2) Overhead or Sprinkler Irrigation (3) Drip or Trickle Irrigation. Field practices are techniques focused on keeping water in the field, distributing it more efficiently, or achieving better soil moisture retention. Irrigation protects against insufficient rainfall and drought. Well, the whole process of irrigation is strictly controlled. Crops require water at regular interval of time for proper growth and development. Irrigation method 54 4.8.4. This is the oldest method of irrigation using the power of blindfolded bullocks or other animals practiced in rural parts of the country. Pro Lite, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. These techniques are typically less expensive than management strategies or system modifications. Since the distribution of water is not regulated, surface irrigation is also known as flood irrigation. Drip method: it is a system in which the water directly … Some of the benefits of the drip irrigation system are –, It helps in the conservation of water and reduces the cost of fertilisation. Furrow – in case of furrow irrigation, water is made to flow through shallow channels which are evenly spaced out and at a slope to the field. (any two) Question 16. When water supplies are adequate, irrigation can increase crop yield dramatically. Water reaches directly to the roots of the plants. Proper irrigation helps crops to develop quickly, which ensures higher returns for farmers. There are five basic methods of irrigation (flooding, furrow irrigation, trickle, sprinkling, and sub irrigation). We can see evidence of different irrigation techniques employed by ancient civilisations which include irrigation canals, dams, water storage facilities, structures like aqueducts and the like. Water is provided to the fields by spraying water droplets, similar to rain, through pipes. A sprinkler irrigation system requires sprinklers, laterals, mainlines, sub mainlines and pump unit. Sprinkler irrigation is done in areas with less water and uneven ground level. Thus, irrigation is a much more complicated process than just watering plants. The impacts stem from the altered hydrological conditions caused by the installation and operation of the irrigation scheme. Secondly as the irrigation water is taxed when it is supplied to the cultivators, it adds to the revenue. The modern methods of irrigation include: Sprinkler System; Drip System; Sprinkler Irrigation. (ii) Briefly explain two reasons for perennial canals being a popular form of irrigation in the named states. Sprinklers are differentiated based on the volume of water it can spray. Pro Lite, Vedantu 4)Rahat (lever system) Traditional method of irrigation are cheaper but less efficient.Pumps are commonly used for lifting water.These pumps run by electricity,diesel,biogas or solar energy. 1. It is one of the most common methods of irrigation. The various traditional method of irrigation are. This irrigation system, as the name suggests, involves watering the crops drip by drip. Sprinkler irription method is … Here water is applied to the soil with the help of gravity. Give the list of modern methods of irrigation. They help us to use water economically without wastage. Examples of crops which are watered through this irrigation technique are cotton, onion, maize, wheat, gram, sunflower etc.